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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for longitudinal studies
16 results foundAuthor: Apel, Robert John Title: The Effect of Criminal Justice Involvement in the Transition to Adulthood Summary: The last 30 years in the United States have witnessed unprecedented expansion in criminal justice institutions. In an era of rapidly declining crime rates, scholars have begun to call into question the wisdom of continued expansion. There are at least two reasons for such reservations. First, the crime-control potential of expansion in the use of criminal justice sanctions is limited by the law of diminishing returns. Holding constant the composition of the offender pool (e.g., criminal propensities, offense mix), at a certain point the number of crimes prevented by sanctioning one additional offender (via deterrence or incapacitation) will begin to decrease. This is to say, simply, that a newly sanctioned offender today is less of a danger to society, on the margin and all else equal, than a newly sanctioned offender 30 years ago. Second, if criminal justice involvement has adverse causal effects on life outcomes that are correlated with criminal offending, large-scale growth in formal sanctioning might have the perverse effect of sustaining criminal behavior rather than deterring it. Indeed, evidence is mounting that formal sanctions stigmatize an ever larger class of individuals and potentially disrupt conventional achievements in a variety of life domains such as employment, education, civic involvement, and family formation and stability (Hagan and Dinovitzer, 1999). Steadily rising prison admissions, in particular, have given rise to increased attention by researchers and policymakers on issues of reentry and reintegration (Petersilia, 2003). By way of example, from the 1930s through the early 1970s, the U.S. incarceration rate hovered around 110 per 100,000 residents, at which point it began a steady increase that by midyear 2005 had attained 738 per 100,000 (Harrison and Beck, 2006). At yearend 2006, moreover, the total population confined in jails and prisons was almost 2.4 million (Sabol, Couture, and Harrison, 2007). The growth and scope of incarceration is truly impressive, so much so that contemporary discourse is increasingly attuned to the collateral consequences of so-called "mass imprisonment" policies (Garland, 2001; Mauer and Chesney-Lind, 2003; Pettit and Western, 2004; Useem and Piehl, 2008). The rather stark realization of the emerging reentry literature is that virtually all of these offenders will return to the community at some point (Travis, 2005). It is an unmistakable irony that policies of mass imprisonment might actually exacerbate the crime problem over the long run if these released offenders struggle to maintain a law-abiding lifestyle because of the stigma associated with their confinement experiences. What the discussion thus far implies is that criminal justice involvement is a catalyst that initiates a causal sequence of downward mobility for sanctioned offenders, ultimately resulting in persistence (if not escalation) in criminal offending. In other words, a criminal record causes further crime (in part) through its indirect effect on an offender's status attainment prospects. The empirical evidence for an inverse correlation between criminal justice involvement and status attainment, especially with respect to employment success, is voluminous. Extant theory and research provide a number of plausible explanations for such a relationship: The problem of civil disabilities or employer discrimination, the accumulation of a spotty work history, a lack of legitimate job contacts, and a dearth of good neighborhood-based employment opportunities, among others. Although the precise mechanism is not yet well understood, existing findings do suggest (not universally, it should be noted) that criminal justice involvement tends to reduce the probability of employment, increase the length of unemployment, lower wages and earnings, and promote high-school dropout. Studies that take such factors into consideration also tend to suggest that sanctioned individuals fare the worst when they are comparatively minor offenders (e.g., property or drug offenders), when they are of higher social status (e.g., middle-class individuals), and when they experience incarceration (as opposed to arrest or conviction). Yet a longstanding problem is ascertaining whether these unintended consequences of criminal justice involvement are attributable to the causal role that it has on status attainment as opposed to factors that jointly determine criminal justice involvement and low status attainment. The latter is known as the selection problem. In words, individuals with a criminal record might fare poorly in the legitimate labor market and drop out of high school because they had low prospects to begin with, not because criminal justice involvement acts as a genuine turning point in their work and education careers. The brute fact is that sanctioned offenders, in all likelihood, suffer deficits that would greatly limit status attainment even in the absence of an official sanction. It is this pernicious question-whether the relationship between criminal justice involvement and low status attainment signifies a causal effect or a selection artifact-that guides the present study. In this Executive Summary, we provide an overview of the results from a large-scale investigation of the causal effect of criminal justice involvement in the late teens and early twenties on later status attainment. The remainder of the summary proceeds as follows. First, we briefly describe the data and methodology used in the study (a summary of Chapter Two in the final report). Second, we present the key findings with respect to the relationship between incarceration and status attainment (a summary of Chapter Three). Third, we summarize the findings with respect to the effect of conviction on status attainment (a summary of Chapter Four). Fourth, we make some concluding remarks with an emphasis on the policy implications that flow from our findings (a summary of Chapter Five). Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 2009. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2018 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228380.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228380.pdf Shelf Number: 116668 Keywords: Juvenile DelinquentsJuvenile OffendersLongitudinal StudiesRecidivism |
Author: Visher, Christy A. Title: Life after Prison: Tracking the Experiences of Male Prisoners Returning to Chicago, Cleveland, and Houston Summary: This research brief describes the experiences of 652 male prisoners in Illinois, Ohio, and Texas, who participated in the Urban Institute's longitudinal study of prisoner reentry, Returning Home: Understanding the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry. The men were surveyed shortly before release from prison and interviewed two times following their release -- at two and seven months after release. This research brief describes characteristics of the men and their reentry experiences - including program participation, housing, family relationship, substance use, employment, reoffending, and reincarceration. The brief also summarizes findings from previoius Returning Home reports regarding predictors of reintegration outcomes. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 2010. 6p. Source: Internet Resource; Research Brief, May 2010 Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 118741 Keywords: Employment of Ex-OffendersLongitudinal StudiesPrisoner ReentryReintegrationReoffending |
Author: Weaver, Cynthia Title: Identifying Gendered Trajectories of Offending for a Panel of First Time Youth Offenders: Exploring the Influence of Time-Stable Covariates Summary: Gendered trajectories of juvenile offending over an eight year observation period are specified for a retrospective longitudinal sample of 15,959 female and male first time offenders up to age 18 in a southeastern state. Semiparametric group modeling is used to specify offending trajectories for a response variable operationalized as a frequency count of unique complaints by age. Time-stable psychosocial and systems-level covariates are also investigated as predictors of likely trajectory group membership. The probability of trajectory group membership is investigated as a predictor for secure incarceration. Results specify a three-solution model for juvenile females and a six-solution model for juvenile males. Prior child maltreatment – substantiated as well as alleged but dismissed - is a predictor of moderate- to higher-level offending across all gendered trajectories (with the exception of one higher-level but decreasing male trajectory). Living in a blended family (mother plus stepfather or father plus stepmother), living with grandparents, and living with relatives at first offense are all correlated with moderate -level offending for male juveniles. Living in foster care at first offense is a predictor for both lower-level and higher-level female offending. Both the three-solution female model and the six-solution male model predict incarceration. Further research is warranted to investigate severity of offending as a response variable for the juvenile offending trajectories identified in the dissertation study. Details: Tuscaloosa, AL: School of Social Work, University of Alabama, 2010. 96p. (Thesis) Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 21, 2010 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231199.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231199.pdf Shelf Number: 119652 Keywords: Child Abuse and DelinquencyGenderJuvenile DelinquencyJuvenile OffendersLongitudinal Studies |
Author: Weaver, Cynthia Title: Identifying Gendered Trajectories of Offending for a Panel of First Time Youth Offenders: Exploring the Influence of Time-Stable Covariates Summary: Gendered trajectories of juvenile offending over an eight year observation period are specified for a retrospective longitudinal sample of 15,959 female and male first time offenders up to age 18 in a southeastern state. Semiparametric group modeling is used to specify offending trajectories for a response variable operationalized as a frequency count of unique complaints by age. Time-stable psychosocial and systems-level covariates are also investigated as predictors of likely trajectory group membership. The probability of trajectory group membership is investigated as a predictor for secure incarceration. Results specify a three-solution model for juvenile females and a six-solution model for juvenile males. Prior child maltreatment – substantiated as well as alleged but dismissed - is a predictor of moderate- to higher-level offending across all gendered trajectories (with the exception of one higher-level but decreasing male trajectory). Living in a blended family (mother plus stepfather or father plus stepmother), living with grandparents, and living with relatives at first offense are all correlated with moderate -level offending for male juveniles. Living in foster care at first offense is a predictor for both lower-level and higher-level female offending. Both the three-solution female model and the six-solution male model predict incarceration. Further research is warranted to investigate severity of offending as a response variable for the juvenile offending trajectories identified in the dissertation study. Details: Tuscaloosa, AL: School of Social Work, University of Alabama, 2010. 96p. (Thesis) Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 21, 2010 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231199.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/231199.pdf Shelf Number: 119652 Keywords: Child Abuse and DelinquencyGenderJuvenile DelinquencyJuvenile OffendersLongitudinal Studies |
Author: Zhang, Jessica Title: An Analysis of Repeat Imprisonment Trends in Australia Using Prisoner Census Data from 1994 to 2007 Summary: Reducing the number of prisoners who are repeatedly imprisoned is one of the goals of any correctional system. However, while a period of imprisonment may deter some people from re-offending, in others it may foster further criminal behaviour. This paper presents the results of a study based on a longitudinal dataset constructed from 14 successive Prisoner Censuses between 1994 and 2007 to follow, over time, two cohorts of people who were 'released' from prison (where 'release' is a proxy measure derived from the absence of a prisoner's record in a subsequent Prisoner Census). This paper expands on an earlier study by the Australian Bureau of Statistics by using logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with repeat imprisonment and assess whether or not the propensity for reimprisonment has increased over time. This paper also examines trends in criminal career development using descriptive methods, looking at patterns of specialisation, and of movements from one type of offence to another. The study finds that reimprisonment is strongly associated with being young, being Indigenous, or having been previously imprisoned (that is, being a prisoner who had already served time in prison). In all jurisdictions except Queensland, the rate of reimprisonment in recent years was higher than in the mid-1990s. Details: Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2010 at: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/26D48B9A4BE29D48CA25778C001F67D3/$File/1351055031_aug%202010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/26D48B9A4BE29D48CA25778C001F67D3/$File/1351055031_aug%202010.pdf Shelf Number: 119689 Keywords: Longitudinal StudiesPrisonersReoffendingRepeat Offenders |
Author: McVie, Susan Title: Gang Membership and Knife Carrying: Findings from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime Summary: This report presents key findings on gang membership and knife carrying amongst a cohort of young people based on data collected by the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime (ESYTC). The analysis was commissioned in light of a lack of quantitative data measuring the extent of gang membership and knife crime in Scotland. The ESTYC is a longitudinal study of pathways into and out of offending for a cohort of around 4,300 young people which started in 1998. The findings presented in this report are based on self-report data collected from this cohort of individuals over a six year period, from the age of 12 to 17. The aims of this report are to provide an account of the knife carrying behaviour and reported gang membership amongst young people using the ESYTC data; to explore the background characteristics or profiles of young people who have carried knives or been involved in a gang; and to identify the main risk factors associated with knife carrying and gang membership. The report also aims to highlight the key similarities and differences between these two groups. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2010. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 10, 2010 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/324153/0104312.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/324153/0104312.pdf Shelf Number: 119777 Keywords: GangsKnives and Crime - Violent CrimeLongitudinal StudiesWeapons and Crime |
Author: Skardhamar, Torbjorn Title: Modelling 'Crime-Proneness': A Comparison of Models for Repeated Count Outcomes Summary: In the criminal career literature, the individual-level age-crime relationship is commonly modelled using generalized linear mixed models, where between-individual heterogeneity is then handled through specifying random effect(s) with some distribution. It is common to specify either a normal or discrete distribution for the random effects. However, there are also other options, and the choice of specification might have substantial effect on the results. In this article, we compare how various methods perform on Norwegian longitudinal data on registered crimes. We also present an approach that might be new to criminologists: the Poisson-gamma regression model. This model is interpretable, parsimonious, and quick to compute. For our data, the distributional assumptions have not dramatic effect on substantive interpretation. In criminology, the mixture distribution is also of theoretical interest by its own right, and we conclude that a gamma distribution is reasonable. We emphasize the importance of comparing multiple methods in any setting where the distributional assumptions are uncertain. Details: Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway, Research Department, 2010. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Discussion Papers No. 611: Accessed October 21, 2010 at: http://www.ssb.no/publikasjoner/DP/pdf/dp611.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Norway URL: http://www.ssb.no/publikasjoner/DP/pdf/dp611.pdf Shelf Number: 120037 Keywords: Criminal CareersLongitudinal Studies |
Author: Gibson, Chris L. Title: Crime and Victimization Among Hispanic Adolescents: A Multilevel Longitudinal Study of Acculturation and Segmented Assimilation Summary: The Hispanic population in the United States has increased considerably over the past two decades, accounting for 40% of the nation’s population growth in the 1990s and 49% of the growth between 2000 and 2004 (U.S. Census, 2005). Unlike previous demographic shifts, this increase has been largely fueled by birthrate which has significant impact on the social context in which new generations of Hispanic Americans are socialized. One area in particular is that of crime and victimization among these “new” Hispanic populations and key to understanding these experiences may be rooted in the acculturation process. This study represents a comprehensive effort to illustrate the divergent experiences of first-, second-, and third-generation Hispanic child and adolescent immigrants with respect to their self-reported violent victimization and involvement in criminal offending. Details: Unpublished Report Submitted to the U.S. National Institute of Justice Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2010 at: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/232278.pdf Year: 0 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/232278.pdf Shelf Number: 120321 Keywords: Hispanic AmericansJuvenile OffendersLongitudinal StudiesMinority GroupsVictimizationVictims of Crime, Juveniles |
Author: Lussier, Patrick Title: The CRACOW Instrument: A New Framework for the Assessment of Multi-Problem Violent Youth Summary: This report presents the results from a study that examined whether the risk/needs factors included in the CRACOW instrument helped to identify the most physically aggressive preschoolers. The CRACOW was designed to be a multi-stage instrument representing the risk/needs factors for multi-problem violent youth at various developmental stages, starting at the pre/perinatal period and extending to adolescence to account for exposure and accumulation of a number of dynamic risk factors that may influence the risk of youth violence. Details: Burnaby, BC: School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, 2010. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 8, 2010 at: http://198.103.108.131/res/cp/res/_fl/crawcow-cracovie-eng.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Canada URL: Shelf Number: 120412 Keywords: Delinquency PreventionEarly Child DevelopmentLongitudinal StudiesPhysical Aggression |
Author: Mulvey, Edward P. Title: Highlights From Pathways to Desistance: A Longitudinal Study of Serious Adolescent Offenders Summary: This fact sheet presents an overview of some major findings from the Pathways to Desistance Study, a project that followed 1,354 serious adolescent offenders for 7 years following their convictions. The primary findings of the study to date deal with the decrease in self-reported offending over time by most serious adolescent offenders, the relative inefficacy of longer juvenile incarcerations in decreasing recidivism, the effectiveness of community-based supervision as a component of aftercare for incarcerated youth, and the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment in reducing both substance use and offending by serious adolescent offenders. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2011. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 23, 2011 at: http://ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/230971.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/230971.pdf Shelf Number: 121101 Keywords: Juvenile OffendersLongitudinal StudiesRecidivism |
Author: Goodwin, Vanessa Title: The Concentration of Offending and Related Social Problem in Tasmanian Families Summary: This briefing paper presents preliminary findings from research examining the extent to which offending and related social problems are concentrated in six Tasmanian families. The main aim of the research is to identify ways to break the cycle of intergenerational crime and better respond to the needs of families with multiple problems. Details: Hobart: Tasmanian Institute of Law Enforcement Studies, 2008. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing Paper No. 8: Accessed July 20, 2011 at: http://www.utas.edu.au/tiles/publications_and_reports/briefing_papers/briefing_papers_pdf/Briefing_Paper,_No_8.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Australia URL: http://www.utas.edu.au/tiles/publications_and_reports/briefing_papers/briefing_papers_pdf/Briefing_Paper,_No_8.pdf Shelf Number: 122127 Keywords: Intergenerational Crime (Tasmania)Longitudinal Studies |
Author: Galloway, Taryn Ann Title: Initiation into crime: An analysis of Norwegian register data on five birth cohorts Summary: We construct linked register data on five Norwegian birth cohorts, covering: criminal charges after age 15; family characteristics and history up to age 15; and (for males) IQ test scores. A longitudinal analysis of the risk of initiation into crime in early adulthood suggests an increased risk for the children of young and unmarried mothers and for those experiencing disruptive family events including divorce or maternal death during childhood. There is a relationship between continuity of parental employment and reduced risk, with no evidence of harm from mothers' employment. Cognitive ability remains strongly associated with reduced risk after allowing for family history and circumstances. Details: Oslo, Norway: Research Department, Statistics Norway, 2011. 43p. Source: Discussion Paper NO. 655: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2012 at Year: 2011 Country: Norway URL: Shelf Number: 124547 Keywords: Family Relationships (Norway)Juvenile Delinquecy (Norway)Longitudinal StudiesYoung Offenders (Norway) |
Author: Boorman, Richard Title: Prisoners' criminal backgrounds and proven re-offending after release: results from the Surveying Prisoner Crime Reduction (SPCR) survey Summary: This paper complements the range of Surveying Prisoner Crime Reduction (SPCR) papers already published, based on a longitudinal cohort study of up to 3,849 prisoners sentenced in England and Wales in 2005 and 2006. Other papers focused on the SPCR prisoners’ childhood circumstances and backgrounds prior to custody including education, employment and accommodation, and demonstrated how many of these factors were associated with re-offending on release from prison. This paper is important to set these findings in context as this research confirms previous studies which have shown that previous offending is the factor most strongly associated with further re-offending, when all factors are considered together. The aims of this report were to: explore the relationship between previous offending and re-offending for the SPCR cohort; validate these findings alongside published National Statistics; and, explore the relationship between self-reported re-offending from the survey and proven re-offending from Police National Computer (PNC) records. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2012. 8p. Source: Research summary 8/12: Internet Resource: Accessed August 1, 2012 at http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/publications/research-and-analysis/moj-research/proven-re-offending-after-release.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/publications/research-and-analysis/moj-research/proven-re-offending-after-release.pdf Shelf Number: 125840 Keywords: Crimes Statistics (U.K.)Longitudinal StudiesRe-Offending (U.K.)Recidivism (U.K.) |
Author: Telesca, Donatello Title: Modeling Criminal Careers as Departures from a Unimodal Population Age-Crime Curve: The Case of Marijuana Use Summary: A major aim of longitudinal analyses of life course data is to describe the within- and between individual variability in a behavioral outcome, such as crime. Statistical analyses of such data typically draw on mixture and mixed-effects growth models. In this work, we present a functional analytic point of view and develop an alternative method that models individual crime trajectories as departures from a population age-crime curve. Drawing on empirical and theoretical claims in criminology, we assume a unimodal population age-crime curve and allow individual expected crime trajectories to differ by their levels of offending and patterns of temporal misalignment. We extend Bayesian hierarchical curve registration methods to accommodate count data and to incorporate influence of baseline covariates on individual behavioral trajectories. Analyzing self-reported counts of yearly marijuana use from the Denver Youth Survey, we examine the influence of race and gender categories on differences in levels and timing of marijuana smoking. We find that our approach offers a flexible and realistic model for longitudinal crime trajectories that fits individual observations well and allows for a rich array of inferences of interest to criminologists and drug abuse researchers. Details: Seattle, WA: Department of Statistics, University of Washington, 2011. 27p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical Report no. 5882: Accessed January 22, 2013 at: http://www.stat.washington.edu/research/reports/2011/tr588.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.stat.washington.edu/research/reports/2011/tr588.pdf Shelf Number: 127347 Keywords: Criminal CareersCriminal TrajectoriesDrug Abuse and CrimeDrug OffendersLongitudinal StudiesMarijuana |
Author: Senior, Kate Title: Developing Successful Diversionary Schemes for Youth from Remote Aboriginal Communities Summary: This report explores the experiences and aspirations of youth in Wadeye, a remote Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory which has become synonymous with the deviant behaviours of its young people. The research was undertaken over a three year period, and builds upon a previous ten year period of community based research. As such it forms a unique longitudinal study of young people during a period of extreme change in their lives. The research applied a mixed methods approach, utilising ethnography, interviews and the application of a community wide survey. Although young community based people were the primary focus of the study, the research also included the wider community perspectives, service providers and a sample of imprisoned community members. The proliferation of gangs in the Wadeye community has become a primary focus for outsiders' interpretation of social issues in the community. These gangs have been defined by their violent and oppositional cultures. This period of research and the research which preceded it, emphasise the complexity of gang cultures and gang dynamics in this community. The report also emphasises that a primary focus on gangs serves to obscure other factors influencing young people's lives and behaviours. This includes those youth who do not engage in deviant behaviour, who attend school and progress to employment. It also includes youth who engage in non-gang related violent and anti-social behaviour. The report argues that effective service delivery and the development of appropriate diversion activities for young people must recognise the diversity and complexity of the youth experience in the community and recognise and develop their current strengths. Feedback from elders, young people and long-term community workers, advocates that more partnership approaches to further research and program evaluation must become an integral part of the process. Involving young people themselves as part of this research process will provide opportunities to create new roles for them and to establish a positive foundation for the future of the community. Details: Sydney: Criminology Research Advisory Group, 2012. 96p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 27, 2014 at: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1314/26-0809-FinalReport.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/1314/26-0809-FinalReport.pdf Shelf Number: 131811 Keywords: AboriginalsAntisocial BehaviorAt-Risk YouthDelinquency PreventionGangsIndigenous PeoplesJuvenile DelinquentsJuvenile OffendersLongitudinal Studies |
Author: Mulvey, Edward P. Title: Pathways to Desistance - Summary Technical Report Summary: The Pathways to Desistance Study (the "Pathways Study") is a multi-site, collaborative research project that followed 1,354 serious juvenile offenders from adolescence to young adulthood. Interviews were done regularly with the adolescents as well as their family members and friends over a seven-year period after their involvement in court for a serious (overwhelmingly felony level) offense. The aims of the investigation were to: 1) identify initial patterns of how serious adolescent offenders stop antisocial activity, 2) describe the role of social context and developmental changes in promoting these positive changes, and 3) compare the effects of sanctions and interventions in promoting these changes. The larger goals of the study were to improve decision making by court and social service personnel and to clarify policy debate about alternatives for serious adolescent offenders. This study grew out of the planning efforts of the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice. The study was part of a broader agenda of the Network to provide juvenile justice professionals and policy makers with empirical information that could be applied to improve practice, particularly regarding the topics of competence and culpability, risk assessment, and amenability of juvenile offenders. Network activities provided the initial forum for conceptualizing and planning this study, and collaboration with Network members and the MacArthur Foundation assisted in dissemination efforts. This study started data collection in November, 2000 and completed the last follow-up interview in April, 2010. Investigators at the University of Pittsburgh coordinated the study, and interview data were collected under contract with investigators at Temple University (Philadelphia) and Arizona State University (Phoenix). The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the William Penn Foundation, the William T. Grant Foundation, the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency, the Arizona Juvenile Justice Commission, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse all provided funding for data collection and analysis. The study baseline and follow-up interviews covered six domains: (a) indicators of individual functioning (e.g., work and school status and performance, substance abuse, mental disorder, antisocial behavior), (b) psychosocial development and attitudes (e.g., impulse control, susceptibility to peer influence, perceptions of opportunity, perceptions of procedural justice, moral disengagement), (c) family context (e.g., household composition, quality of family relationships), (d) personal relationships (e.g., quality of romantic relationships and friendships, peer delinquency, contacts with caring adults), (e) community context (e.g., neighborhood conditions, personal capital, social ties, and community involvement) and (f) a monthly account of changes across multiple domains (e.g. education, money-making). The monthly data permits an examination of the nature, number, and timing of important changes in life circumstances. More detail about the Pathways study design, methods and measures can be found on the study website at www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu. The Pathway study data sets are archived at the University of Michigan Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). Details: Report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2014. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 27, 2014 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244689.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244689.pdf Shelf Number: 133827 Keywords: Juvenile OffendersLongitudinal StudiesPathways to Desistance Study |